1. According to different electrolyte materials used in lithium batteries
It can be divided into liquid lithium battery (LIB) and polymer lithium battery (LIP). The positive and negative materials used in polymer lithium batteries are the same as liquid lithium, and the working principle of the battery is basically the same. Their main difference lies in the difference of electrolytes. Lithium batteries use liquid electrolytes, while polymer lithium batteries are replaced by solid polymer electrolytes. This polymer can be "dry" or "colloidal". At present, most of them use polymer gel electrolytes. Polymer lithium batteries can be divided into three categories:
(1) Solid polymer electrolyte lithium battery. The electrolyte is a mixture of polymer and salt. The battery has low ionic conductivity at room temperature and is suitable for high temperature use.
(2) gel polymer electrolyte lithium battery. That is, plasticizer and other additives are added to the solid polymer electrolyte to improve the ionic conductivity and make the battery usable at room temperature.
(3) Lithium battery with polymer cathode material. Using conductive polymer as cathode material, its energy is three times that of the existing lithium battery, which is the latest generation of lithium battery. Because the solid electrolyte is used to replace the liquid electrolyte, compared with the liquid lithium battery, the polymer lithium battery has the advantages of thinning, arbitrary area and arbitrary shape, and will not produce safety problems such as liquid leakage, combustion and explosion. Therefore, the battery shell can be made of aluminum-plastic composite film, so as to improve the capacity of the whole battery; Polymer lithium battery can also use polymer as cathode material, and its mass specific energy will be more than 50% higher than the current liquid lithium battery. In addition, the working voltage and charge discharge cycle life of polymer lithium battery are higher than those of lithium battery.
Based on the above advantages, polymer lithium battery is known as the next generation lithium battery.
2. Classification by charging mode
According to the charging mode, it can be divided into non rechargeable and rechargeable. Non rechargeable battery is called disposable battery. It can only convert chemical energy into electrical energy at one time, and can not restore electrical energy back to chemical energy (or the reduction performance is very poor). Rechargeable batteries are called secondary batteries (also known as batteries). It can convert electric energy into chemical energy and store it. When in use, it can convert chemical energy into electrical energy. It is reversible.
(1) There are many kinds of non rechargeable lithium batteries. At present, lithium manganese dioxide batteries, lithium thionyl chloride batteries and lithium and other compound batteries are commonly used.
(2) There are many kinds of rechargeable lithium batteries, such as lithium vanadium oxide batteries, lithium batteries and newly developed lithium batteries abroad-
Polymer battery, etc. Rechargeable lithium battery is the most widely used battery in mobile phones at present, but it is "delicate" and cannot be overcharged or discharged in use (it will damage the battery or scrap it). Therefore, there are protective components or protective circuits on the battery to prevent expensive battery damage. Lithium battery charging is very demanding. To ensure that the termination voltage accuracy is within 1%, major semiconductor device manufacturers have developed a variety of lithium battery charging IC to ensure safe, reliable and fast charging.
3. Classified by lithium battery appearance
There are square lithium batteries (such as commonly used mobile phone battery cells) and cylindrical batteries (such as 18650, 18500, etc.).
4. Classification by lithium battery outsourcing materials
Aluminum shell lithium battery, steel shell lithium battery, soft pack battery.
5. Classification of lithium batteries from positive and negative materials (additives)
Lithium diamond (lico02) battery, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate battery, disposable lithium manganese dioxide battery.
Lithium ion battery is an improved product of lithium battery. Lithium batteries have existed for a long time, but lithium is a highly active (remember its position in the periodic table?) It is not safe to use, and it often burns and bursts during charging. Later, there was an improved lithium-ion battery, which added components that can inhibit the activity of lithium (such as diamond, manganese, etc.), so that the lithium battery really achieved safety, efficiency and convenience, and the old lithium battery was basically eliminated. As for how to distinguish them, it can be identified from the identification of the battery. The lithium battery is Li and the lithium-ion battery is Li ion. Now, notebooks and mobile phones use the so-called
"Lithium batteries" are actually lithium-ion batteries.
The basic structure of modern batteries includes three elements: positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte. As a kind of battery, lithium-ion battery also has these three elements. General lithium-ion technology uses liquid or inorganic colloidal electrolyte, so a solid shell is needed to contain combustible active components, which increases the weight and cost of the battery and limits the flexibility of size and shape. Generally speaking, the minimum thickness of liquid lithium ion secondary battery is 6mm, which is difficult to reduce.
The so-called polymer lithium-ion battery uses polymer materials as its main battery system in at least one or more of the three main structures.
The new generation of polymer lithium-ion batteries have a high degree of polymerization, so the shape can be thin (the thinnest is 0.5mm), arbitrary area and arbitrary shape, which greatly improves the flexibility of battery modeling design, so as to meet the product requirements and make batteries of any shape and capacity. At the same time, the unit energy of polymer lithium-ion battery is 50% higher than that of current general lithium-ion battery, and its capacity, charge discharge characteristics, safety, working temperature range, cycle life and environmental protection performance are greatly improved compared with lithium-ion battery.
At present, the liquid lithium ion (LIB) batteries sold on the market are prone to rupture of the safety valve and fire under the condition of overcharge, which is very dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to install protective IC lines to ensure that the battery will not be overcharged. In terms of polymer lithium-ion batteries, this type of battery has better charge and discharge resistance than liquid lithium-ion batteries, so the requirements for external protection of IC circuits can be appropriately relaxed. In addition, in terms of charging, polymer lithium-ion batteries can be charged with IC constant current, which is similar to CCCV (constant currert constant oltage) used in lithium-ion secondary batteries
Compared with the time required for charging, it can shorten the waiting time.
